The difference between CCD and CMOS industrial cameras  

1. Imaging process

The principle of photoelectric conversion of CCD and CMOS image sensor is the same, and the main difference between them is that the signal readout process is different. Since the CCD has only one (or a few) output nodes to read out uniformly, the consistency of its signal output is very good.

In a CMOS chip, each pixel has its own signal amplifier, which performs charge-voltage conversion, and the consistency of its signal output is poor. However, in order to read out the entire image signal, the CCD requires a wide signal bandwidth of the output amplifier. In a CMOS chip, the bandwidth requirement of the amplifier in each pixel is low, which greatly reduces the power consumption of the chip. This is the CMOS chip. The main reason for lower power consumption than CCD.

Despite the reduced power consumption, the inconsistency of the multi-million amplifiers results in higher stationary noise, again an inherent disadvantage of CMOS over CCD.

2. Integration

From the point of view of the manufacturing process, the circuits and devices in CCD are integrated on the semiconductor single crystal material, and the process is relatively complicated. Only a few manufacturers in the world can produce CCD wafers. The CCD can only output analog electrical signals, which requires subsequent processing by an address decoder, an analog converter, and an image signal processor. It also needs to provide three sets of power synchronous clock control circuits with different voltages, so the integration is very low.

CMOS is integrated on a single material called metal oxide. This process is the same as that used to produce tens of thousands of semiconductor integrated circuits such as computer chips and storage devices. Therefore, the cost of producing CMOS is much lower than that of CCD. . At the same time, the CMOS chip can integrate the image signal amplifier, signal reading circuit, A/D conversion circuit, image signal processor and controller into one chip. Only one chip can realize all the basic functions of the camera. Very high, the chip-scale camera concept was born from this. With the continuous development of CMOS imaging technology, more and more companies can provide high-quality CMOS imaging chips.

3. Speed

CCD adopts photosensitive output one by one, and can only output according to the specified program, and the speed is relatively slow. CMOS has multiple charge-voltage converters and row-column switch control, and the readout speed is much faster. Most of the high-speed cameras above 500fps are CMOS cameras. In addition, the address strobe switch of CMOS can be randomly sampled to realize sub-window output, and a higher speed can be obtained when only the sub-window image is output.

4. Noise

CCD technology has developed earlier and is relatively mature. It uses PN junction or silicon dioxide (SiO2) isolation layer to isolate noise, and the imaging quality has certain advantages over CMOS photoelectric sensors.

Source: Premier Cable Co., Ltd. specializes in providing industrial camera related cables, website address: https://www.premier-cable.net/product/Camera-Link-Cables-10

Keywords : Industrial CCD camera,   Industrial CMOS camera  

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